Manganese Trioxide Bookmark Notes

(manganese trioxide)

**What Is It?**
Manganese trioxide, chemical formula Mn2O3, is an inorganic compound. It’s one of several oxides formed by manganese. This specific oxide features manganese in the +3 oxidation state. It appears as a black or dark brown solid.

**Key Properties**
* **Appearance:** Black or dark brown crystalline powder.
* **Stability:** Relatively stable under normal conditions but decomposes when strongly heated.
* **Reactivity:** Insoluble in water. Reacts with acids to form manganese(III) salts. Can be reduced to manganese(II) oxide (MnO) or oxidized to manganese dioxide (MnO2). Decomposes to Mn3O4 and oxygen above certain temperatures (around 940°C).
* **Magnetism:** Exhibits antiferromagnetic properties at lower temperatures.

**How It’s Made**
Manganese trioxide is commonly produced by heating manganese dioxide (MnO2) in air at high temperatures (around 530-600°C). Another method involves oxidizing manganese(II) oxide (MnO) or manganese(II) carbonate (MnCO3) with oxygen. Controlled thermal decomposition of manganese nitrate can also yield Mn2O3.

**Primary Uses**
* **Battery Materials:** Serves as a precursor material in the synthesis of lithium manganese oxide cathodes (like LiMn2O4) used in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
* **Catalysis:** Used as a catalyst or catalyst precursor in various oxidation reactions, including the oxidation of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds.
* **Ceramics & Glass:** Functions as a colorant in ceramics and glass, producing brown or black shades.
* **Pigment Production:** Acts as an intermediate in the manufacture of other manganese compounds used as pigments.
* **Ferrite Production:** Used in the production of certain ferrite magnets.

**Important Safety**

(manganese trioxide)

Handle manganese trioxide with care. It is considered toxic, primarily if inhaled as fine dust. Inhalation of manganese compounds can lead to neurological effects (manganism). Avoid breathing dust. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like respirators and gloves. Ensure good ventilation in work areas. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling and disposal instructions. Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
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